Yes, in most urban settings they can—but the method matters. If the furniture is going on concrete, I’d use code-compliant base plates and the right anchors for the slab and load. For solid concrete, wedge or sleeve anchors are common; for hollow block or uncertain slabs, adhesive or through-bolt solutions may be better. The key is checking slab thickness, reinforcement, edge distance, drainage, freeze-thaw exposure, and corrosion. Stainless or hot-dip galvanized hardware is worth it outdoors.
For pavers, I wouldn’t anchor directly into a single paver and call it done. Pavers are often bedding over a compacted base or a concrete slab. If there’s a structural concrete slab below and the design allows, you can anchor through the pavers into that slab using sleeves or spacers, sealing around the fixing, and keeping the paver from cracking. If the pavers are loose-laid on sand or gravel, a better route is a weighted base, ballasted furniture, or a concrete footing set into the paving—not a shallow paver fixing.
Urban furniture also has to handle theft, wind uplift, accidental impact, and public safety. I’d match anchors to the furniture base, use tamper-resistant fixings where needed, and keep trip hazards and drainage paths in mind. Permits, accessibility clearances, and local code may apply. On a commercial plaza, I’d get a structural engineer or experienced installer to confirm the substrate and specify the anchor. Done right, anchoring to concrete or pavers is reliable; done casually, it’s a cracked-paver or loose-bench problem waiting to happen.