Short answer: sometimes, but weight alone is not a guarantee. Many urban outdoor furniture pieces are heavy enough for normal breezes, but a high-rise balcony can get much stronger, gustier wind than street level. Wind speeds often increase with height, and corners, gaps, and railings can funnel or swirl gusts. A heavy table might stay put while a lighter chair, side table, or cushion becomes a projectile.
What matters more than weight is how the furniture catches wind. Wind pressure depends on surface area, shape, height, and center of gravity. A tall, bulky, lightweight piece acts like a sail. A low, dense, streamlined piece with a broad base is much safer. Cast aluminum, steel, concrete composite, and heavy teak can resist movement, but even heavy furniture can slide, tip, or flip in storm-force gusts. Smooth balcony tiles also reduce friction, so a piece that feels heavy may still shift.
Practical fixes help a lot. Choose low-profile, stackable, or foldable furniture. Add weighted bases or sandbags. Anchor pieces to railings or walls with straps, cables, or tie-down kits if your building allows it. Use locking casters, group furniture together, and keep it away from the edge. Before storms, bring cushions and lightweight chairs inside. If you live in a hurricane or typhoon zone, assume anything on the balcony can move.
Bottom line: heavy helps, but it is not a magic answer. For a windy high-rise balcony, buy for wind resistance, anchor what you can, and store what you cannot.