Using regular indoor glass on an outdoor furniture table is not recommended and can be dangerous. Outdoor glass, such as for a patio table, must be tempered (safety glass). Tempered glass is heat-treated to be significantly stronger than regular annealed glass. If broken, it crumbles into small, granular pieces instead of sharp, jagged shards, greatly reducing the risk of injury.
Regular indoor glass cannot withstand the stresses of an outdoor environment. Temperature extremes, direct sunlight, wind, and accidental impacts can cause it to crack or shatter violently. Furthermore, many local building codes explicitly require tempered glass for outdoor furniture applications for safety.
For your outdoor table, always specify tempered glass. For added safety and security, consider laminated glass, which holds together when broken. Never risk using ordinary window or picture frame glass outside.